A new study here.  No real surprises at the top (Yale is in a league by itself; Harvard, Chicago, Stanford form another cluster; and then there's another big drop-off before Berkeley, Columbia, Michigan et al).  Minnesota had a strong showing, though bear in mind that some results could be artifacts of the particular time period studied (e.g., Texas has alumni on the faculty at Northwestern and Illinois, among other places, but they both graduated just before 1995, the cut-off point in this study).

Students sometimes wonder what role "self-selection" plays in these kinds of results, and I think the fairest answer is "some role, but not much."  My anecdotal impression, based on looking at years of AALS "faculty registry" submissions, is that as many Columbia and Michigan grads, for example, seek teaching positions as Stanford and Chicago grads, yet the latter fare better.  (It certainly struck me in having now worked with grads on the teaching market at both Texas and Chicago, that it is much easier to get hiring schools interested in the Chicago grads even holding actual quality of the candidates constant.)   I think more significant than self-selection is school size and academic culture.   Harvard recruits as many highly qualified students as Yale, yet Yale beats Harvard in top academic placement both in gross numbers and (by a wide margin) per capita.   Surely a large part of the explanation is that Yale is much smaller, and that there is a much higher level of faculty-student interaction than at Harvard, which is huge, with a faculty that is, at least in part, disengaged from the institution (because they're consulting, litigating, pontificating etc.).  Since faculty recommendations and faculty mentoring of student written work is key to success on the academic job market, this kind of culture difference is important.  Chicago is more like Yale in this regard, which surely plays some role in the success of its graduates relative to schools with as strong or stronger students bodies, like Columbia and Harvard.