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Philosophy and Technology (Nadelhoffer)

Now that the On-line Philosophy Conference (OPC) is starting to wind down, I have been thinking about the relationship between philosophy and technology.  Blogs, internet encyclopedias, PhD program rankings, research databases, as well as on-line texts, papers, journals, and now conferences  place a vast amount of information at our fingertips, thereby speeding up the pace with which philosophy can be done.  Consider, for instance, one of the papers from the OPC that received the most attention–namely, Joshua Knobe and Erica Roedder’s "The Concept of Valuing: Experimental Studies" (with commentary by Antti Kauppinen).  At a traditional conference, Knobe and Roedder would only have time to field a handful of questions–and several of those would typically be brief and clarificatory.  And in the event that someone from the audience does have a probing question, the author(s) usually lack sufficient time for formulating an adequate response.  With on-line formats, on the other hand, both the feedback authors receive on their work and the replies they formulate are both more immediate and more well-developed.  In the case of the comment thread for the paper by Knobe and Roedder, 47 comments were posted in what turned out to be a very productive exchange between the authors and their supporters and critics.  I, for one, enjoyed watching the ebb and flow of the dialectic as people tried to work their way through the authors’ paper as well as the excellent commentary and authors’ reply. 

Given the wide scale accessibility of philosophy on-line these days, when philosophers have what they take to be an interesting new problem or idea, they can fast-track it to the public domain to see whether it will sink or swim.  What may at one time have taken months or even years to determine–namely, whether a particular argument or line of research is worth pursuing–can be settled markedly faster now that the marketplace of ideas is on-line. As someone pointed out to me in an email correspondence, with the internet, "it takes no time at all for the idea to get out there and no time at all for it to be assessed by the rest of the discipline and, in turn, for everyone to see what that assessment is.  There is no place to hide. No way to bluff. No excuses.  This changes everything. Philosophy will prosper but the vaudeville of philosophical conferences and print  journals will every quickly become a thing of the past."  While it is doubtful that traditional conferences and print journals will ever become a thing of the past, I nevertheless agree  that recent technological advancements are certainly going to shape and change how philosophers do business. But how?

I thought it might be nice to see what the readers of this blog think about these issues.  How can philosophers further utilize the benefits of this brave new world of cyber-philosophy–where suddenly more people have access to and interest in philosophy?  In what ways has technology changed the way you teach and conduct research?  Finally,  how can we use the wide variety of on-line formats to further increase public interest in philosophy while at the same time doing a better job of making philosophy relevant to our daily affairs? I am especially interested in hearing from people who teach on-line courses.  What sorts of ideas have you come up with to improve the on-line classroom?

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3 responses to “Philosophy and Technology (Nadelhoffer)”

  1. I share Tom's enthusiasm for the way technology can change the profession. It's so much easier to share new ideas, workshop papers, and learn about cutting edge research. Those who are unable to travel as frequently to conferences can still be in the "know", so to speak, with online conferences, etc. They're currently doing a virtual reading group over at PEA Soup (climbing Parfit's new mountain) and there are several excellent online-only journals that are noticably faster refereeing articles than the print journals are.

    The main worry about the technology revolution, though, is related to its benefit: information can be spread with breathtaking speed. But BAD information and shoddy scholarship can be spread as well. While scholars can wade through bad scholarship, I worry that students, browsing the web for information to help them understand Descartes' cogito, for instance, could find a lot of bad information and not know better. What might be useful would be a philosophical clearinghouse of information with an E-bay style ranking system (ranked by the users and commentators) that could let prospective readers of a page know that it was a reputable source or not.

    I also worry, with all the online papers out there, how much plagiarism (by students) of non-published work posted on personal webpages. I've personally caught at least ten students in the last few years lifting things straight from the Internet, from sources as obvious as the Stanford Encylopedia and Wikipedia to unpublished papers on personal webpages of professional philosopers. Were it not for Google, at least a few of them would have gotten away with it…

  2. Steve Petersen

    I'm a technophile philosopher, and I've thought some both about how technology can impact academic publishing, and about how it can impact teaching.

    As for academic publishing, first, I would like to see more prestigious, online, peer-reviewed philosophy journals like /Philosophers' Imprint/. Their mission statement (linked from the "about" section of their webpage) is especially relevant to this topic.

    I would also like to see a new, non-traditional kind of online journal tried – one that is closer to an online forum in format (perhaps using phpBB software), and ideally with the peer-review democratized in the ways that automation would allow. Threads would start with the "publishing" of a longer paper that has been approved by enough highly-rated forum posters, and comments on the paper could follow up immediately on the thread. It seems possible to devise some kind of fair "meta-moderation" system, perhaps a bit like slashdot.org, that would allow comments to be evaluated by other readers. (Presumably the rating of a higher-rated poster would count more, and those who abuse the moderation would themselves lose rating, etc.)

    It might also be interesting to try a site where philosophers can write cutting-edge research papers in mass collaboration, just as Wikipedia gets encyclopedia entries written. Such an experiment might just produce unexpectedly good results – I for one would not have predicted Wikipedia to be as good as it is.

    Of course, as Eric Rovie commented, the internet allows for the fast dissemination of a lot of /bad/ information too. But think of it this way: the less we do to put /good/ philosophy on the web, the worse the ratio is. The solution is not to limit the flow of information (and of course Rovie didn't suggest such). And as I've suggested, I think both traditional and innovative versions of peer review can mitigate that concern.

    Rovie's other worry, plagiarism, is troubling of course – and this leads me to some teaching thoughts. Aside from vigilance, the best solution of which I know for plagiarism (suggested to me by Eric Lormand and others) is to make your assignments unique, either in content or structure. And, of course, it would be nice if more colleges & universities took plagiarism more seriously than the tuition the plagiarist pays.

    One helpful technological discovery for teaching is "Moodle" – a free online content management system designed especially for teachers. It is remarkably flexible and will, I presume, only get better. I combine Moodle with a trick of my own I like to call the "virtual blackboard": I do not do slide presentations; the notes I take for class are live and interactive. But instead of scrawling notes on a literal blackboard, I write them in an html composer (such as nvu) and project them live onto a screen. This allows both for flexibility in presentation, greater student interaction in the notes, immediate incorporation of useful weblinks and other media, and easy posting to the course website afterwards.

    – whew – thanks for indulging me, but I must say I'm excited about what technology can offer philosophy. One last word: it sure would be great to have more visible philosophy advocacy websites out there. I think philosophy could do with a lot better PR than it has.

  3. Ninty percent of the students of philosophy in this world have no access to internet. Entwining technology and philosophy in this sense may be just another way to exclude 'unwanted' (you can read it as poor, non-white, third world etc. etc) philosophers from the upperclass compartment

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