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    The McMaster Department of Philosophy has now put together the following notice commemorating Barry: Barry Allen: A Philosophical Life Barry…

When the University of Sydney philosophy department “split” apart for political reasons in the 1970s

This article (from Honi Soit) has been making the rounds on social media; I asked one of the protagonists in these events, philosopher Michael Devitt (now at the CUNY Graduate Center) for his take on the article.  He kindly gave permission to share the following:

This is a good article in Honi Soit, and quite accurate. It mentions the undergraduate history honors thesis by David Rayment. This gives the most thorough account of the saga that I know of. There is, however, a good chapter on it, “The Sydney Disturbances”, in James Franklin’s book, Corrupting the Youth: A History of Philosophy in Australia (Macleay Press 2003). (I supplied both authors with a lot of the original documents – oddly, I was the only participant on Left or Right who kept significant records.)

The article moves fast from the 1973 Split, which was most immediately caused by the Feminism course proposed by Jean Curthoys and Liz Jacka, to the amalgamation decades later. There were some interesting happenings in between. In particular, there was “The Gang of Three” (including me) in 1976 and “The Gang of Three More” (including Jean) in 1985. These “Gangs” – all sides enjoyed this Left-wing rhetoric – moved from the Left-wing General Philosophy department to the Right-wing Traditional and Modern Philosophy Department. The “Gangs” saw themselves as driven out by illiberalism and intolerance. My parting shot in 1976 was an article in Honi Soit called “Ruling and Ruining General Philosophy”. The Right called us “boat people”, an obvious reference to those who fled Vietnam.

It is interesting, perhaps ironic, that four of the original main protagonists, Armstrong and Stove from the Right, and Curthoys and I from the Left, all ended up in the same department. Indeed, we had been working together, “across party lines”, for years by that time and were good friends. The department was very harmonious and produced some wonderful students. Peter Godfrey-Smith, who was one of them, recently gave an interview including a flattering account of the department in those days https://upja.online/a-conversation-with-peter-godfrey-smith/

Was the Split inevitable? Perhaps so. There were passionate differences between the Right and the Left in the old department, particularly over the Vietnam War, but also over the governance of the department, and of course over what should be in the curriculum. There was also David Armstrong’s deep distrust of Wal Suchting, dating back to the Knopfelmacher Affair (or “Knoffles” as the Left called him, without affection). Wal claimed to have been nothing but a “messenger boy” in that Affair but David thought that Wal had pulled some dirty tricks. (Did he? We will never know.) Still, I have often thought that both Armstrong and I should have been more flexible and less confrontational over the Marxism course. Years later, I put this to David over a glass of “bubbly” (he was very fond of that). He agreed about me, but not about him!

Comments are open for other recollections about this period in the life of the Sydney department.

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9 responses to “When the University of Sydney philosophy department “split” apart for political reasons in the 1970s”

  1. Not sure if the timeline quite works, but is the second series Monty Python sketch about the Australian philosophy department at the University of Woolamaloo at all based on these events?

    Hard not to think of "In addition, as he's going to be teaching politics, I've told him he's welcome to teach any of the great socialist thinkers, provided he makes it clear that they were wrong."

  2. I have no first-hand knowledge of Sydney affairs, but was a member of the philosophy department of another Australian university (Melbourne) in the 1980s and 1990s and heard gossip.

    (1) It seemed to me that neither radical/conservative in philosophy nor radical/conservative in "outdoor" politics sufficed to explain the split: with respect to the former, it is notable that Professor Devitt, a hard-core analytic philosopher, at least initially chose to join the Marxist, feminists, and phenomenologists in the Department of General Philosophy. It seemed to me that personality issues (who could and who couldn't stand to be in the same room with who for the length of a department meeting) were probably at least as important! (((For comparison: at the end of the 1970s, the University of Dublin (i.e. Trinity College) had two English departments. I asked the dean of the Arts faculty about this and he said that (i) if there had been a single English department it would have been by far the biggest in the Faculty, and this was a way of having departments of closer to the same size throughout the Faculty, and (ii) anyway it made a bit of academic sense since most of the people in one department specialized in 19th-20th century literature and most of those in the other in earlier literature… and then a bit shamefacedly added (iii) "and it was the only way we could separate some fighting cats.")))

    (2). The split was in a way traditional: between the 1930s(???) and the 1960s(?), Sydney Uni had had two philosophy departments, one centred on Professor John Anderson and the other established essentially to create a counterbalance to Anderson's influence.

    (3) At least in its later years, the split did not affect students: philosophy majors could were free to combine courses from the two departments (with the only restriction being that you had to take logic if you were going to "officially" major in Traditional and Modern but didn't if you were majoring in General). (Similarly, I think, in at least the later days of the earlier split: I had a colleague in Melbourne who had done his undergraduate studies in Sydney, and said he had benefitted from lectures on both sides.)

    (4) Jim Franklin's book, Corrupting the Youth, is a rollicking good read! Academic philosophy in Australia until the late 20th C was a very small pond, but some of the frogs had outsize personalities and there were some memorable battles and "affaires".

  3. I was a student in the very last years before they recombined (same year as David Rayment, in fact), and can corroborate what Allen Hazen says — by that stage, the split made little-to-no difference to students. Certain types of course were more likely to be held in one dept or another, but that was it. All the students I knew took classes in both departments, willy-nilly.

    Dig the dept names, tho — on the one hand, you could study General Philosophy or, on the other hand, you could study Traditional and Modern Philosophy. They might as well have called them "Everything Studies" and "Also Everything Studies" (but of course then there would have been a fight about who was "also" and who was just simpliciter)

  4. The originally planned names were "Dept of Critical and Contemporary Philosophy" (or something close to that) and "Dept of Traditional and Modern Philosophy", but the lefties were somehow allowed to get away with a change to "Dept of General Philosophy", which gave them an unfair marketing advantage and confused uninformed new students no end.

  5. Monty Python's Philosophers Song dates from 1970, so the Sydney U Philosophy Dept can only have been imitating the Song.

  6. (Backwards causality hadn't been invented in those days.)

  7. Thanks to Allen (and Mike) for recommending Corrupting the Youth (and of course to all the "larger than life" characters who made it such a good story, intentionally or otherwise). All the book is available free online, including the chapter on the Sydney philosophy disturbances. https://web.maths.unsw.edu.au/~jim/contents.html

  8. But obviously backwards causation could work before it was invented, ex hypothesi

  9. Three points in response to Allen.
    1. None of us who ended up in General Philosophy in 1974, Leftists and Liberals alike, "chose" to do so. The Right were allowed to form their own department without us. In fact we all fought hard to preserve the old Department of Philosophy.
    2. I think that the major cause of the Split were passionately held political divisions that came to a head over the Vietnam War. Armstrong and Stove were ardent supporters of the US/Australian engagement in that war, Suchting, I, and others were ardent opponents. The only personality issue that I ever saw was the one I mentioned: Armstrong's deep suspicion of Suchting dating back to the Knoffles Affair.
    3. Interestingly, there was a split in the Sydney University English Department in the mid-60s (when I was an undergraduate). A Leavisite group, led by Prof Goldberg, increasingly took over the Department leading the rest to set up their own across-the-board rival curriculum under the Professor of *Australian* Literature, Wilkes.

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